[1]王 立,韩雅慧.“途逢冥使瘟神”母题的渊源与冥间正义崇拜[J].江西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2020,(02):67-74.
　WANG Li,HAN Yahui.The Origin of the Motif of “Encountering the Emissary of the Underworld on the Way” and the Worship of Justice of the Underworld[J].,2020,(02):67-74.
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“途逢冥使瘟神”母题的渊源与冥间正义崇拜()
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《江西师范大学学报》（哲学社会科学版）[ISSN:1006-6977/CN:61-1281/TN]

卷:
期数:
2020年02期
页码:
67-74
栏目:
文学研究
出版日期:
2020-04-20

文章信息/Info

Title:
The Origin of the Motif of “Encountering the Emissary of the Underworld on the Way” and the Worship of Justice of the Underworld
文章编号:
1000-579(2020)02-0067-08
作者:
王 立;  韩雅慧
大连大学 语言文学研究所,辽宁 大连 116622
Author(s):
WANG Li;  HAN Yahui
Institute of Chinese Language and Literature,Dalian University,Dalian,Liaoning 116622,China
关键词:
《聊斋志异》;  冥使;  灾害叙事;  神秘崇拜;  佛经故事
Keywords:
The Strange Tales of Liaozhai;  emissary from the nether world;  disaster narrative;  mysterious worship;  Buddhist scripture
分类号:
I207.41
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
《聊斋》“途中逢冥使”母题可分为路遇瘟神(疫鬼、灾害神等)型和路遇冥吏(勾魂使)型。作为一种惯常的表现模式,“巧遇冥使瘟神─施惠结谊―冥使徇私酬报―当事人少受或免受损失”,体现出特定情境中人与鬼神意外结交,当事者善心善行成为一种个别交往恩谊、面子,在冥间控制之事中得蒙神佑,善有善报,遂成为故事的深层结构和价值趋向。这一故事较早收入佛教类书《法苑珠林》,有重要的启发、导向意义。被俗世之人偷窥,冥使暴露身份; 违反约定的揭秘者,获结交冥使机会。唐代故事也写冥使“寄载”后要缺席一段时间,也给喜欢“偷窥”者以刺探冥间秘密的机会。其一,母题多发性很可能与乡土社会对待外乡人的习俗有关。其二,母题体现了古代饮食文化及饱食少致病的病理观念。其三,母题的动态性发展,昭示出人世生活的日趋复杂多样性及其扩大化,冥使冥差一般也很难做到“严以律己”,他们抵挡不住普通人弱点所难于应付的“诱惑”。
Abstract:
In The Strange Tales of Liaozhai,the motif of “Encountering the Emissary of the Underworld on the Way” could be classified into two categories:encountering the god of plague(ghosts of plague,disaster,etc.)and encountering the ghosts who took away the souls.As a usual performance model,“encountering the emissary of the underworld on the way-patronage and friendship-emissary' favoritism to reward-none or less losses of the protagonist” reflected the accidental meeting with the ghosts and gods in a particular situation,the good deeds of parties became a kind of friendship and face,they were blessed by god in the control of the underworld.Good will is rewarded with good,which has become the deep structure and the value orientation of stories.These stories were earlier included in the Buddhist book Fa Yuan Zhu Lin,and had important enlightening and guiding significance.The emissary from the nether world was sneaked and exposed by the secular people.Those who violated the agreement were given the opportunity to make friends with the emissaries from the nether world.The stories in the Tang Dynasty also wrote that the emissaries were absent for a period after registration and gave the opportunity to peepers spying on the secrets of the underworld.Firstly,the multiplicity of the motif is likely to be related to the custom treating foreigners in local society.Secondly,the motif reflects the ancient food culture and the pathological concept that satisfaction makes less sick.Thirdly,the dynamic development of the motif showed that lives during that time were becoming more complex and expanding.It was also very difficult for the emissary to make a “strict self-discipline” and to resist the “temptation” that ordinary people could not cope with.

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备注/Memo

备注/Memo:
收稿日期:2019-08-10
基金项目:国家社科基金后期资助项目“明清灾害叙事、御灾策略及民间信仰研究”(编号:17FZW012作者简介:王 立(1953-),男,吉林大安人,文学博士,大连大学语言文学研究所教授,东北师范大学博士生导师。研究方向为文学主题学。
韩雅慧(1995-),女,山西长治人,大连大学语言文学研究所研究生。研究方向为古代小说。
更新日期/Last Update: 2020-04-20