[1]王齐洲.《乐经》探秘[J].江西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2019,(01):79-90.
　WANG Qizhou.An Exploration of “the Book of Music”[J].,2019,(01):79-90.
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《乐经》探秘()
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《江西师范大学学报》（哲学社会科学版）[ISSN:1006-6977/CN:61-1281/TN]

卷:
期数:
2019年01期
页码:
79-90
栏目:
文学研究
出版日期:
2019-02-20

文章信息/Info

Title:
An Exploration of “the Book of Music”
文章编号:
1000-579(2019)01-0079-12
作者:
王齐洲
华中师范大学 1.文学院; 2.湖北文学理论与批评研究中心,湖北 武汉 430079
Author(s):
WANG Qizhou1; 2
Central China Normal University 1.School of Chinese Language and Literature; 2.Hubei Literary Theory and Criticism Research Center,Wuhan,Hubei 430079,China
关键词:
《乐经》;  乐教;  六经;  《大司乐》;  《乐记》;  《诗经》;  音乐;  快乐
Keywords:
“The Book of Music”;  Yue Education;  six classics;  Da Si Yue;  The Records of Music;  The Book of Songs;  music;  happiness
分类号:
I206.2; J60
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
孔子以《诗》《书》《礼》《乐》教弟子,先秦已有“六经”之说,《乐经》即其一。然而,自汉文帝立《诗》学博士,至武帝时《诗》《书》《礼》《易》《春秋》五经皆立博士,独《乐经》未立。汉平帝时王莽奏立《乐经》博士,后人多以为其伪造经典,《乐经》遂成经学之秘。有人认为《乐经》亡于秦火。有人认为“乐经”仅口耳相传。更多人认为《乐经》仍存世,但意见不一:或说《周礼·大司乐》章即《乐经》,或说《礼记·乐记》即《乐经》,或说《诗经》即《乐经》,或说《乐经》散存于众经之中。通过考察相关文献,汲取历代学者的研究经验,可以得出《周礼》的《大司乐》章是《乐经》的结论。西周礼乐文化中的“乐”不仅指称音乐,凡使人快乐者均可称之为“乐”。作为主管学校教育的大司乐,其“乐教”也不单是音乐教育,而是艺术教育、语言教育、文学教育、行为教育、情感教育、人格教育。儒家“乐教”继承的正是大司乐教育传统,其要旨在引导弟子理解礼乐文化的快乐精神,养成君子人格。《大司乐》章所述“乐教”正是周代礼乐文化环境下“乐教”的内容,而不是汉代君主集权制度下的音乐教育。说《大司乐》即先秦儒教《乐经》,是符合儒家“乐教”的历史实际的。
Abstract:
Confucius taught his disciples with The Book of Songs,Shang Shu,Zhou Li and Yue.Therewere six classics during the Pre-Qin Dynasty,and “The Book of Music” was one of them.However,beginning from the time of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty,Doctors of Poetry were appointed,and till the time of Emperor Wu of the Han dynasty five classics of “Poetry,Shangshu,Zhou Li,Zhouyi and Spring and Autumn Annals” were named doctors,except “The Book of Music”.Wangmang reported to the Emperor Ping of the Han Dynasty that he hoped to appoint “The Book of Music” Doctors of Poetry.But most of the later generations thought that “The Book of Music” was forged by Wangmang.Thusit became a riddle about Confucian classics.Some people thought that it was burnt down in the Qin Dynasty.Some people believed that it was only handed down by word of mouth.But more people believed that it still existed,and they had different opinions:some people said that it was Da Si Yue in Zhou Li,some people said that it was The Records of Music in The Book of Rites,some people said that it was The Book of Songs,and another people said that it was scattered in many Confucian classics.By reviewing relevant literature and drawing on the researches of scholars in previous dynasties,it can be concluded that the chapter Da Shi Yue in Zhou Li is “The Book of Music”.The “Yue” of the rites and music culture in the Xi Zhou Dynasty refers to not only music,but also things which make people happy.Dasiyue was in charge of school education,its “Yue Education” referred to not only music education,but also art education,language education,literature education,behavior education,emotional education,and personality education.Confucian music education inherited the education tradition of Dashiyue,its aims lay in guiding disciples to understand the happy spirit of ritual and music and culturing and developing gentleman's personality of theirs.The “Yue Education” described in the chapter Da Shi Yue was just the content of “Yue Education” in the cultural environment of rites and music in the Zhou Dynasty,rather than music education under the totalitarian system of the monarchs of the Han Dynasty.The view that Da Shi Yue is the pre-Qin Confucianism,and “The Book of Music” is in line with the historical reality of the Confucian “Yue Education”.

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备注/Memo

备注/Memo:
收稿日期:2018-11-27 作者简介:王齐洲(1951-),男,湖北洪湖人,华中师范大学文学院、湖北文学理论与批评研究中心教授,博士生导师。研究方向为古典文学和古典文献学。
更新日期/Last Update: 2019-02-20